128: Ning Zhao - Professional - Race, Color, Gender
China, Beijing
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Uh, about race problems, in China because [the Han ethnicity] exceeds, exceeds, as far as I know… I don’t know the actual number. Probably, my impression is that at least 95% [of the population] are Han. So China is basically a racially integrated nation. So, basically, there is no race problem. Now, some minorities, uh, they account for only a very small part of the population. They live in special regions—for example, what we call autonomous regions—such as the Ningxia Autonomous Region [and] the Xinjiang Autonomous Region. They, they live in these special regions. Uh, as far as the government, actually, the government actually has [established] very advantageous policies towards these minorities. For example, when they take the high-school entrance exams or the university entrance exams, the policies are advantageous to them; they get points added to their scores. So, uh, I think that in China being a minority is a good thing. Uh, including when you get married and have children, you’re allowed to have two, unlike the Han, who can only have one. Um, so, as for gender, uh, 40 or 50 years ago few women probably participated in business, uh, or any aspect of government. Their traditional role was to stay at home and take care of the kids, or cook. However, since, since the Chinese Communists, uh, established the Chinese government in 1949, everything has changed, huge, huge changes have occurred. So, I, I think that women’s status in China now, actually I think that basically it’s equivalent to men’s. Uh, that is to say that the ratios of women and men at companies or in the government is more or less the same. That’s the situation in China now. Rural villages probably, uh, have greater disparities between men and women, but in the cities, there are no disparities. I think that’s a fair description of how it is now.啊关于种族问题呢，在中国呢因为超过超过那据我所知，我不知道具体的这个number。大概大概印象至少有超过95% 都是汉族。所以说中国基本上是一个统一民族的国家。所以说基本上不存在什么种族问题。那么一些少数民族啊他们只占很少一部分的人口。他们居住在特别的区域。譬如说我们叫做自治区。像宁夏自治区，新疆自治区。他们他们住在这个特别的区域里面。啊关于政府其实那政府其实对于这些少数民族会有很优惠的政策。譬如说他们参加这种啊高考，大学入学考试的话，可以有优惠政策,可以加分数。所以说啊我觉得在中国作为少数民族其实是一个很好的事情。啊包括你结婚啊,你生小孩，你可以生两个。不像呢汉族只可以生一个。 啊所以说，关于那个性别呢，啊，四，五十年前可能妇女呢在在这种啊啊生意啊或者是这种政府啊各方面参与的都非常少。她们的传统的角色就是呆在家里带孩子或者做饭。但是呢自从自从中国共产党啊四九年成立中国政府啊以来，所有事情都变发生了非常非常大的变化。那么现在我我感觉妇女在中国的地位其实感觉基本上和和男男人是平等的。啊就说她们在在公司政府她们参加工作的这个比例跟跟男人是差不多的，在中国目前这个状况。可能在农村啊会有这个区别会比较大。因为在农村很多人因为农民需要做很多体力劳动。所以说男女区别还比较大，但在城市里面，没有任何的区别。现在可以这么讲。
啊關於種族問題呢，在中國呢因為超過超過那據我所知，我不知道具體的這個number。大概大概印象至少有超過95% 都是漢族。所以說中國基本上是一個統一民族的國家。所以說基本上不存在什麼種族問題。那麼一些少數民族啊他們只占很少一部分的人口。他們居住在特別的區域。譬如說我們叫做自治區。像寧夏自治區，新疆自治區。他們他們住在這個特別的區域裏面。啊關於政府其實那政府其實對於這些少數民族會有很優惠的政策。譬如說他們參加這種啊高考，大學入學考試的話，可以有優惠政策,可以加分數。所以說啊我覺得在中國作為少數民族其實是一個很好的事情。啊包括你結婚啊,你生小孩，你可以生兩個。不像呢漢族只可以生一個。 啊所以說，關於那個性別呢，啊，四，五十年前可能婦女呢在在這種啊啊生意啊或者是這種政府啊各方面參與的都非常少。她們的傳統的角色就是呆在家裏帶孩子或者做飯。但是呢自從自從中國共產黨啊四九年成立中國政府啊以來，所有事情都變發生了非常非常大的變化。那麼現在我我感覺婦女在中國的地位其實感覺基本上和和男男人是平等的。啊就說他她們在在公司政府他她們參加工作的這個比例跟跟男人是差不多的，在中國目前是這個狀況。可能在農村啊會有這個區別會比較大。因為在農村很多人因為農民需要做很多體力勞動。所以說男女區別還比較大，但在城市裏面，沒有任何的區別。現在可以這麼講。Ah guānyú zhǒngzú wèntí ne，zài zhōngguó ne yīnwéi chāoguò chāoguò nà jùwǒsuǒzhī，wǒ bù zhīdào jùtǐ de zhègè number。Dàgài dàgài yìnxiàng zhìshǎo yǒu chāoguò 95% dōushì hànzú。Suǒyǐshuō zhōngguó jīběnshàng shì yīgè tǒngyī mínzú de guójiā。Suǒyǐshuō jīběnshàng bù cúnzài shénme zhǒngzú wèntí。Nàme yīxiē shǎoshùmínzú ah tāmen zhǐ zhàn hěnshǎo yībùfēn de rénkǒu。Tāmen jū zhùzài tèbié de qūyù。Pìrúshuō wǒmen jiàozuò zìzhìqū。Xiàng níngxià zìzhìqū，xīnjiāng zìzhìqū。Tāmen tāmen zhùzài zhègè tèbié de qūyù lǐmiàn。Ah guānyú zhèngfǔ qíshí nà zhèngfǔ qíshí duìyú zhèxiē shǎoshùmínzú huì yǒu hěn yōuhuì de zhèngcè。Pìrúshuō tāmen cānjiā zhèzhǒng ah gāokǎo，dàxué rùxué kǎoshì de huà，kěyǐ yǒu yōuhuì zhèngcè, kěyǐ jiā fēnshù。Suǒyǐ shuō ah wǒ juédé zài zhōngguó zuòwéi shǎoshùmínzú qíshí shì yīgè hěnhǎo de shìqíng。Ah bāokuò nǐ jiéhūn ah, nǐ shēngxiǎohái，nǐ kěyǐ shēng liǎnggè。Búxiàng ne hànzú zhǐ kěyǐ shēng yīgè。 Ah suǒyǐshuō，guānyú nàgè xìngbié ne，ah，sì,wǔshí nián qián kěnéng fùnǚ ne zài zài zhèzhǒng ah ah shēngyì ah huòzhě shì zhèzhǒng zhèn fǔ ah gèfāngmiàn cānyǔ de dōu fēichángshǎo。Tāmen de chuántǒng de jiǎosè jiùshì dāizài jiālǐ dàiháizi huòzhě zuòfàn。Dànshì ne zìcóng zìcóng zhōngguó gòngchǎndǎng ah sìjiǔnián chénglì zhōngguó zhèngfǔ ah yǐlái，suǒyǒu shìqíng dōu biàn fāshēng le fēicháng fēicháng dàde biànhuà。Nàme xiànzài wǒ wǒ gǎnjué fùnǚ zài zhōngguó de dìwèi qíshí gǎnjué jīběnshàng hé hé nán nánrén shì píngděng de。Ah jiùshuō tāmen zài zài gōngsī zhèngfǔ tāmen cānjiā gōngzuò de zhègè bǐlì gēn gēn nánrén shì chābùduō de，zài zhōngguó mùqián zhègè zhuàngkuàng。Kěnéng zài nóngcūn ah huì yǒu zhègè qūbié huì bǐjiào dà。Yīnwéi zài nóngcūn hěnduōrén yīnwéi nóngmín xūyào zuò hěnduō tǐlì láodòng。Suǒyǐshuō nánnǚ qūbié hái bǐjiào dà，dàn zài chéngshì lǐmiàn，méiyǒu rènhé de qūbié。Xiànzài kěyǐ zhèmejiǎng。
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View original Cultural Interviews with Chinese-Speaking Professionals from University of Texas at Austin.